| The other system does not respond | Data is silently lost or your process stalls | Automatic retry with increasing pauses, a persistent queue and an alert. Your system carries on working |
| The same information arrives twice | Duplicate orders, duplicate invoices, wrong stock | Idempotency keys: the same operation sent ten times produces a single result |
| Both sides modify simultaneously | One overwrites the other, without trace | Explicit rules about who owns each field, plus conflict detection |
| The partner limits traffic | Requests are rejected and synchronisation stops | Paced sending below their limit, with a queue that drains gradually |
| Their format changes | The integration breaks abruptly, often at the weekend | Validation on input, an alert on any unexpected field, versioning where possible |
| Data differs between systems | You discover at stocktaking or audit that records are missing | Periodic automatic reconciliation, with a report of the differences |
| Something went wrong three days ago | Nobody can say what was sent and what was received | A complete, searchable log of the exchanges, with the ability to resend |